Haskell 2010
Revised Language Report
Contents
PDF
Libraries
Draft
— This is a work in progress, not an official release of the Haskell 2010 Revised Language Report.
Haskell 2010
Revised Language Report
Simon Marlow (editor)
Contents
Preface
Goals
Haskell 2010: language and libraries
Extensions to Haskell 98
Haskell Resources
Building the language
Preface to the Revised Report
Organization of the Revised Report
Changes to the Report
Forall as a keyword
Decimal characters in numeric literals
Removal of datatype contexts from the standard libraries
Remove mutually recursive modules
Derived Instances of Ix
1
Introduction
1.1
Program Structure
1.2
The Haskell Kernel
1.3
Values and Types
1.4
Namespaces
2
Lexical Structure
2.1
Notational Conventions
2.2
Lexical Program Structure
2.3
Comments
2.4
Identifiers and Operators
2.5
Numeric Literals
2.6
Character and String Literals
2.7
Layout
3
Expressions
3.1
Errors
3.2
Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals
3.3
Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions
3.4
Operator Applications
3.5
Sections
3.6
Conditionals
3.7
Lists
3.8
Tuples
3.9
Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expressions
3.10
Arithmetic Sequences
3.11
List Comprehensions
3.12
Let Expressions
3.13
Case Expressions
3.14
Do Expressions
3.15
Datatypes with Field Labels
3.15.1
Field Selection
3.15.2
Construction Using Field Labels
3.15.3
Updates Using Field Labels
3.16
Expression Type-Signatures
3.17
Pattern Matching
3.17.1
Patterns
3.17.2
Informal Semantics of Pattern Matching
3.17.3
Formal Semantics of Pattern Matching
4
Declarations and Bindings
4.1
Overview of Types and Classes
4.1.1
Kinds
4.1.2
Syntax of Types
4.1.3
Syntax of Class Assertions and Contexts
4.1.4
Semantics of Types and Classes
4.2
User-Defined Datatypes
4.2.1
Algebraic Datatype Declarations
4.2.2
Type Synonym Declarations
4.2.3
Datatype Renamings
4.3
Type Classes and Overloading
4.3.1
Class Declarations
4.3.2
Instance Declarations
4.3.3
Derived Instances
4.3.4
Ambiguous Types, and Defaults for Overloaded Numeric Operations
4.4
Nested Declarations
4.4.1
Type Signatures
4.4.2
Fixity Declarations
4.4.3
Function and Pattern Bindings
4.4.3.1
Function bindings
4.4.3.2
Pattern bindings
4.5
Static Semantics of Function and Pattern Bindings
4.5.1
Dependency Analysis
4.5.2
Generalization
4.5.3
Context Reduction Errors
4.5.4
Monomorphism
4.5.5
The Monomorphism Restriction
4.6
Kind Inference
5
Modules
5.1
Module Structure
5.2
Export Lists
5.3
Import Declarations
5.3.1
What is imported
5.3.2
Qualified import
5.3.3
Local aliases
5.3.4
Examples
5.4
Importing and Exporting Instance Declarations
5.5
Name Clashes and Closure
5.5.1
Qualified names
5.5.2
Name clashes
5.5.3
Closure
5.6
Standard Prelude
5.6.1
The Prelude Module
5.6.2
Shadowing Prelude Names
5.7
Abstract Datatypes
6
Predefined Types and Classes
6.1
Standard Haskell Types
6.1.1
Booleans
6.1.2
Characters and Strings
6.1.3
Lists
6.1.4
Tuples
6.1.5
The Unit Datatype
6.1.6
Function Types
6.1.7
The IO and IOError Types
6.1.8
Other Types
6.2
Strict Evaluation
6.3
Standard Haskell Classes
6.3.1
The Eq Class
6.3.2
The Ord Class
6.3.3
The Read and Show Classes
6.3.4
The Enum Class
6.3.5
The Functor Class
6.3.6
The Monad Class
6.3.7
The Bounded Class
6.4
Numbers
6.4.1
Numeric Literals
6.4.2
Arithmetic and Number-Theoretic Operations
6.4.3
Exponentiation and Logarithms
6.4.4
Magnitude and Sign
6.4.5
Trigonometric Functions
6.4.6
Coercions and Component Extraction
7
Basic Input/Output
7.1
Standard I/O Functions
7.2
Sequencing I/O Functions
7.3
Exception Handling in the I/O Monad
8
Foreign Function Interface
8.1
Foreign Languages
8.2
Contexts
8.2.1
Cross Language Type Consistency
8.3
Lexical Structure
8.4
Foreign Declarations
8.4.1
Calling Conventions
8.4.2
Foreign Types
8.4.3
Import Declarations
8.4.4
Export Declarations
8.5
Specification of External Entities
8.5.1
Standard C Calls
8.5.2
Win32 API Calls
8.6
Marshalling
8.7
The External C Interface
9
Standard Prelude
9.1
Prelude PreludeList
9.2
Prelude PreludeText
9.3
Prelude PreludeIO
10
Syntax Reference
10.1
Notational Conventions
10.2
Lexical Syntax
10.3
Layout
10.4
Literate comments
10.5
Context-Free Syntax
10.6
Fixity Resolution
11
Specification of Derived Instances
11.1
Derived instances of Eq and Ord
11.2
Derived instances of Enum
11.3
Derived instances of Bounded
11.4
Derived instances of Read and Show
11.5
Derived instances of Ix
11.6
An Example
12
Compiler Pragmas
12.1
Inlining
12.2
Specialization
12.3
Language extensions
Bibliography